Unique college essays: 2020

Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Military Justice System in the United States Essay -- Law

At the point when one joins the United States military, one gets subject to a totally new equity framework. While the main role of the United States equity framework is to apportion equity, that isn't the essential purpose behind the making of a different equity framework for America's Armed Forces. The main role of the military's framework is to give the military leader important instruments to authorize great request and control. That is the reason, for instance, it's not viewed as a wrongdoing to be behind schedule for work at your non military personnel work, yet it is a wrongdoing to be behind schedule for work in the Military. The reason at that point is to keep warriors going about as troopers so the remedial way of thinking in the military has advanced in such an approach to do only that. In examining the UCMJ and revisions, the accompanying subjects are critical. Presentation and History of the UCMJ Guiding and Corrective Training Non-Judicial discipline in the UCMJ Courts Martial in the UCMJ Presentation and History of the UCMJ The Uniform Code of Military Justice is a government arrangement of laws made by congress in 1950. The UCMJ replaces the Articles of War that had been the equity framework since 1789. The UCMJ is the establishment for equity in the United States Military. The UCMJ has had a few significant corrections to keep with the occasions; two such amendments came in 1968, and 1983. The UCMJ may likewise be alluded to as United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle A, Part II, Chapter 47. The Uniform Code of Military Justice also called the UCMJ exists to maintain disciplne and control in the military. (Forces, Military Justice 101) The UCMJ looks like regular citizen laws from multiple points of view. It has laws that address taking, robbery, liquor, and numerous others a family to non military personnel laws. The di... ...nt conduct in the military. References Division of the Army. (2002) AR 21-10 Military Justice. Washington D.C.: United States Army Publishing Authority. Division of the Army. (1992) FM 21-1 Legal Guide For Commanders. Washington D.C.: United States Army Publishing Authority. Division of the Army. (2002) Manual for Courts-Martial. Washington D.C.: United States Army Publishing Authority. Forces, R. (n.d.). Nonjudicial Punishment. Recovered February 13, 2005, from http://usmilitary.about.com/od/justicelawlegislation/an/article15_1.htm Forces, R. (n.d.). Military Justice 101. Recovered February 13, 2005, from http://usmilitary.about.com/od/justicelawlegislation/a/miljustice.htm

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Importance of Mental Toughness in Sport

Significance of Mental Toughness in Sport Mental Toughness: What is the Real Difference Between Winning and Losing? With regards to being effective, you can never locate a substitute for difficult work. In the corporate world, you have to gain proficiency with the ropes of the business and spend incalculable hours on understanding books and going to workshops on personal development. In sports, you need to prepare reliably so as to arrive at your maximum capacity. Be that as it may, imagine a scenario where during a significant conference, you unexpectedly had an inability to think straight and tension followed. Accordingly, you neglected to make reference to a significant point and as a result of it, the business bargain self-destructed. Same thing can occur in a Jiu-jitsu practice meeting where an abrupt failure to comprehend the issues at hand could prompt an inversion, and surprisingly fast, you were the one tapping out. Why we can be so arranged in accomplishing something and afterward lose simply like that? UFC 117: Anderson Silva Vs. Chael Sonnen Sonnen commanded the initial four rounds of this title coordinate by utilizing his wrestling ability. In cycle 5, Sonnen went for another takedown. Very nearly two minutes is left, and the crowd is in wonderment. Another victor will be delegated, the long-term ruling hero will be crushed, the one considered as the GOAT (Greatest of All Time) will loseÃ¢â‚¬ the unimaginable will occur! Sonnen is on the gatekeeper again and proceeded with the ground and pound to add more harm to his adversary. Silva tossed a couple of punches from the base and Sonnen lifted his left arm to square. All the while, Silva immediately situated his leg behind SonnenÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s neck and a leg triangle was set up. Silva made sure about the hold and one of the best rebound battles in sports happenedÃ¢â‚¬ ¦.Sonnen tapped out! He was just 1 moment and 50 seconds from being a boss. A ton of expert battles end up thusly; one failure to understand the situation can represent the moment of truth a profession. A few contenders gained from it yet some of them never recouped. Focus causes you to apply everything that you have learned in preparing. Achievement begins in the psyche however lamentably, not every person can support that fixation during a battle. At the point when two soldiers go head to head, you can exploit your abilities and focus on executing it. In any case, if the two contenders have a comparable range of abilities and molding, the main integral factor here is the means by which intellectually extreme they are. Who will break first? Who will commit the principal error? ThatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s when you should be intellectually extreme more than genuinely intense. Unwinding and Concentration Mental strength envelops battling sport as well as every serious game and different territories in our regular day to day existence, including our activity. A few contenders can be so acceptable by and by however underachieves in the genuine rivalry when the weight of the game begins to mount up. Lebron James was called Ã¢â‚¬Å"LechokeÃ¢â‚¬ previously, and it possibly halted when he won a NBA title once as well as twice. Presently, individuals in the media and fans feel that he can outperform Michael Jordan and be the GOAT in ball. Fixation is the capacity to have that laser-like spotlight on whatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s significant and to relinquish all interruptions. Notwithstanding, so as to think, you ought to be loose. Unwinding is characterized as the condition quiet regardless of weight. Observe that unwinding and focus are associating mental skillsÃ¢â‚¬they work inseparably. You can't be intellectually extreme on the off chance that you donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t have both. Buoy like a butterfly (be loose) and sting like a honey bee (concentrate and hit the objective). ThatÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s how Muhammad Ali turned into the GOAT in boxing! Remember that being loosened up implies that you are energized positively. On the off chance that you are completely loose, you will crash and burn during the opposition. You should be siphoned up and good to go. Like physical molding and learning aptitudes, being loose additionally takes practiceÃ¢â‚¬the additional time you put resources into it, the more it will create. During boxing, on the off chance that you are loose, you can see the approaching punches and you will have the option to avoid them simpler. On the off chance that you are anxious and under tension, you are bound to close your eyes as the opponentÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s gloves hit towards your face. In the event that you are excessively on edge, your body will take care of and you wonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t have the option to execute the entirety of the aptitudes that you have gotten the hang of during training. That is the motivation behind why contenders have their passageway music as they walk their way towards the ring or the octagonÃ¢â‚¬it causes them to feel loose. Another approach to unwind is to grasp and acknowledge apprehension. ItÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s exceptionally ordinary and once you acknowledge the truth, at that point you will be more settled. Pre-rivalry ceremonies, for example, muttering rehashed words and doing cadenced developments that could remove the fighterÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s center from interruptions are additionally of incredible assistance. With regards to resistance, breathing assumes a significant job. You can be the best striker however without oxygen, you will resemble a race vehicle without a fuel. In this way, profound, slow breathing is required previously and during the opposition. Tossing mix punches and kicks or going for an inversion during a jiu-jitsu coordinate requires a ton of air in your oxygen tank. On the off chance that you donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t inhale appropriately, you wonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t have the option to recoup and soon, your legs will feel overwhelming, your arms will begin falling, and itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s your chance to get punched in the face. Laser-Like Concentration A laser pen doesnÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t move everywhere when you center it around an item; it will remain there as long as you permit it to. Fixation is tied in with concentrating on the current circumstance. Reviewing disappointments before or stressing over the future won't help. Do what you have to do at that exact second. Before you drink water, you donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t attempt to figure out where it originated from or figure whether you will work it out or pee thereafter. Be straightforward. You simply drink it, isn't that so? In like manner, when you are contending, you can just control the present. In this way, center around what should be done well now and spotlight on it like a laser! DonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t Drift Away Losing your center can occur during a match yet itÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s up to you in the event that you need to float away or come back to center. An awful call from the official, refuse talk, boos from the group, terrorizing by your adversary and a great deal of other stuff like these can break your fixation. Be that as it may, make sure to contend the manner in which you have been prepared. A made sure about accommodation can sneak past in the event that one of the fundamental jiu-jitsu methods isn't first rate. A definite success can go to a misfortune, so the center ought to be inside YOU Ã¢â‚¬ you may float away however return as fast as could reasonably be expected. End All your difficult work will get vain in the event that you are not intellectually intense. Recollect that a sharp psyche can cut further! In this way, the agony, the battle, the fatigue, the idea of giving upÃ¢â‚¬ these will take your game or vocation to the following level!

Friday, August 21, 2020

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 3rd, 2019

Book Riotâ€™s Deals of the Day for October 3rd, 2019 Sponsored by The Dark Lord Clementine by Sarah Jean Horwitz, new from Algonquin Young Readers. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while theyâ€™re hot! Todays Featured Deals The City in the Middle of the Night by Charlie Jane Anders for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. A Dead Djinn in Cairo by P. DjÃ¨lÃ Clark for $0.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. The Star-Touched Queen by Roshani Chokshi for $2.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals The Lady from the Black Lagoon: Hollywood Monsters and the Lost Legacy of Milicent Patrick by Mallory OMeara for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Odd One Out by Nic Stone for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): The Dark Descent of Elizabeth Frankenstein by Kiersten White for $1.99 Fatal Remedies by Donna Leon for $1.99 The Ascent to Godhood (The Tensorate Series Book 4) by JY Yang for $3.99 Dear Martin by Nic Stone for $1.99 The Perfect Nanny by Leila Slimani for $1.99. Get it here Ghost Wall by Sarah Moss for $2.99. Lets Pretend This Never Happened by Jenny Lawson for $1.99 Glutton for Pleasure by Alisha Rai for $3.99 Bibliophile: An Illustrated Miscellany by Jane Mount for $1.99 Bad Day at the Vulture Club by Vaseem Khan for $0.99 The Frangipani Tree Mystery by Ovidia Yu for $3.99 The Female Persuasion by Meg Wolitzer for $1.99 We Sold Our Souls by Grady Hendrix for $1.99 Labyrinth Lost by Zoraida Cordova for $3.82 The Book of Dust: La Belle Sauvage by Philip Pullman for $2.99 BÃ¤co: Vivid Recipes from the Heart of Los Angeles by Josef Centeno and Betty Hallock for $1.99 The Gurkha and the Lord of Tuesday by Saad Z. Hossain for $3.99 The Black Tides of Heaven (The Tensorate Series Book 1) by JY Yang for $3.99 Let it Shine by Alyssa Cole for $2.99 The Banished of Muirwood for $3.99 Let Us Dream by Alyssa Cole for $2.99 A Curious Beginning (A Veronica Speedwell Mystery Book 1) by Deanna Raybourn for $2.99 Romancing the Duke: Castles Ever After by Tessa Dare for $2.99 The Murders of Molly Southbourne by Tade Thompson for $3.99 Feel Free by Zadie Smith for $3.99 Mapping the Interior by Stephen Graham Jones for $3.99 Shuri (2018 #1) by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 The Only Harmless Great Thing by Brooke Bolander for $1.99 The Black Gods Drums by P. DjÃ¨lÃ Clark for $1.99 Gods, Monsters, and the Lucky Peach by Kelly Robson for $1.99 My Soul to Keep by Tananarive Due for $0.99 All Systems Red: The Murderbot Diaries by Martha Wells for $3.99 Jade City by Fonda Lee for $2.99 Silver in the Wood by Emily Tesh for $3.99 Storm Front by Jim Butcher (Book One of the Dresden Files) for $2.99 Guapa by Saleem Haddad for $1.99 Hogwarts: an Incomplete and Unreliable Guide by J.K. Rowling for $2.99 Short Stories from Hogwarts by J.K. Rowling for $2.99 The Paper Magician by Charlie N. Holmberg for $1.99 The Girl with the Red Balloon by Katherine Locke for $1.99 Half-Resurrection Blues by Daniel JosÃ© Older for $2.99 Cant Escape Love by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman for $0.99. The Haunting of Tram Car 015 by P. DjÃ¨lÃ Clark for $3.99 A Quiet Life in the Country by T E Kinsey for $3.99 Empire of Sand by Tasha Suri for $4.99 Life and Death in Shanghai by Nien Cheng for $4.99 Binti by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 Binti: Home by Nnedi Okorafor for $2.99 Binti: The Night Masquerade by Nnedi Okorafor for $3.99 Instant Pot ® Obsession: The Ultimate Electric Pressure Cooker Cookbook for Cooking Everything Fast by Janet A. Zimmerman for $2.99 Tell the Truth Shame the Devil by Lezley McSpadden with Lyah Beth LeFlore for $0.99 Magic Bites by Ilona Andrews for $2.99 Once Ghosted, Twice Shy by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Whatever Happened to Interracial Love? by Kathleen Collins for $3.99 In Search of Lost Time: Volumes 1-7 by Marcel Proust for $0.99 Prime Meridian by Silvia Moreno-Garcia for $3.99 The Mirror Empire by Kameron Hurley for $2.99 Soy Sauce for Beginners by Kirstin Chen for $3.99 Silver Phoenix by Cindy Pon for $2.99 George by Alex Gino for $3.99 Destinys Captive by Beverly Jenkins for $1.99 A Rogue By Any Other Name by Sarah MacLean for $1.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for October 3rd, 2019

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Hypnotherapy Reputable Or Misleading - 1170 Words

Hypnotherapy: Reputable or Misleading? At some point in our life we may be faced with the question, Ã¢â‚¬Å"Is hypnosis real?Ã¢â‚¬ The question can be presented anytime and anywhere. Whether it takes place before your eyes at the county fair or in the office of a psychiatrist, hypnotherapy is sure to raise some interest. The issue at hand, for most individuals, is trying to debunk as to whether or not one can actually rely on hypnotherapy. Does hypnotherapy truly resolve a problem or is the whole act just a placebo effect to suppress memories or habits? What is hypnotherapy? Hypnotherapy is the act of an individual guided through relaxation, and intense concentration that is focused on specific thoughts or actions (Hypnotherapy-Hypnosis 1). There are two subtypes of hypnotherapy, the two forms being suggestive hypnotherapy and analysis hypnotherapy. Through suggestive hypnotherapy, a certified professional can provide the patient with alternatives, methods of dealing with behaviors or perceptions they may be dealing with. Analysis therapy involves a certified professional first setting the foundation by revealing the trauma, then suggesting alternatives, creating a long-term positive effect. When taking the hypnotherapy approach, the most effective approach is for individuals who suffer from obstacles such as: irrational fears, excessive eating, procrastination, anxiety, etc. Individuals who suffer from habits such as these, as well as other habits, can expect a positive outcome

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Evaluation Essay on Social Networking - 1756 Words

Social Networking: Negative Impact on Society, Especially the Youth Social networking sites allow you to connect with old friends from high school, family that lives far away, in my case, even in another country as missionaries, friends down the street, coworkers, and just about anyone else you can think of. This can make you feel more connected to the world around you. You can keep up with what everyone is doing and accomplishing in their lives very easily through statuses and pictures posted every day. I have met new family members, whether by marriage or by birth, through Facebook who I otherwise have not had the opportunity to meet. One of my uncles, who recently passed away, had an affair about thirty years ago and did notÃ¢â‚¬ ¦show more contentÃ¢â‚¬ ¦They could have an alterior motive such as stalking or even bullying you, which leads to my next issue. Cyber bullying is becoming a bigger and bigger problem on social networking sites. There have been quite a few teenage suicide s in which cyber bullying seems to have played a role. In at least one case, the suicide of Alexis Pilkington, the bullying kept going on her tribute page even after her death. (Glor) Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cyber-Bullying can cause the victim to become chronically depressed and to experience a complete loss of self-esteem. A short exposure to Cyber-Bullying can have long term effects. It can result in Cyber-Bullying Suicides.Ã¢â‚¬ (Cyber-Bullying Suicides - Cyber Bullycide Victims ) It has many forms such as degradation, harassment, cyber stalking, impersonation, flaming (using vulgar and angry language to start fights with the victim), password theft and hacking accounts, posting photos or videos, among several others. (Cyber-Bullying Suicides - Cyber Bullycide Victims ) Bullying has been around way before the internet, but now that it is online, rumors, pictures or other forms of cyber bullying make their way around the community much faster so it is easier to humiliate someone in front of mo re people. Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the Internet era, it appears there are more people interested in spewing hate than in countering it. On the social networking sites and on YouTube, inflammatory, hate-filled content overwhelms the limited efforts toShow MoreRelatedWhy Personal Information Is Risky On The Internet And The Situation Of Information Security1422 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pagespeople for benefit reason or other reasons. This essay aims to introduce the risks to personal information on the internet and find some solutions to relieve even solve these problems. Firstly, following article will indicate why personal information is risky on the internet and the situation of information security in recent internet environment. Secondly, significant issues from information security will be shown. Finally, solutions and evaluations need to be come up with so that people can protectRead MoreTechnology Plan Template : North American University1090 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesuse of various technologies for so phisticated problem-solving and information-retrieving purposes Ã¢â‚¬Å"(Means Olson, 1995). Ã¢â€" Describe information gathered from site visits, including best practices. Especially the ELA and Social studies teachers use chromebooks for essay submissions. Also in all four core subject areas use chromebooks for research. Chromebook usage also helps students to master gathering and citing information. CURRICULUM COMPONENT CRITERIA. The Plan must establish clearRead MoreEvaluation Essay of Facebook759 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesMichelle Maystrovich Evaluation essay Facebook One of the new phenomenonÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s of our generation is facebook, and with over four hundred million users on it, it is definitely not hard to add friends easily. However, Facebook is also an easy way to replace the outside world with spending all day surfing other peoples profiles. Facebook is a social networking website that was originally designed for college students, but is now open to anyone 13 years of age or older. Facebook users can createRead MoreSocial Medi Bringing Us Together Or Tearing Us Apart?1099 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesSocial Media: Bringing Us Together or Tearing Us Apart? BUSN110 ESSAY Carried out by: Elena Sanchez- Migallon Paris ID: S00192032 Professor: Waleed Ibrahim 15/4/2015 The accessibility of the new information technology has led that social structures change, and with it the ways of relating to others. With this process of change has created what is known as virtual communities, Rheingold defined the virtual communities as a group of social aggregates which arises from internet when a groupRead More22084111 57351200 Essay1359 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 Pages1-6 Bianca Perez 22084111 7/24/15 June 10, 2015 - ENTRY 1: Me, a Writer? Attitude: Writing has never been my thing, at least when it comes to essays and research papers. It can take me awhile to get my ideas flowing. IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢m very excited to complete this course so I can become a better writer. Although I often donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t like writing research papers or essays, I donÃ¢â‚¬â„¢t feel that any personal feelings towards writing will have any negative effects on my quality of work. IÃ¢â‚¬â„¢m looking forward to what this courseRead MoreIn Defense Of Masks English 4 1559 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesAndrea Sanchez English 4 Dr. Don Jobe Fall 2014 Essay on In Defense of Masks Ã¢â‚¬Å"In Defense of MasksÃ¢â‚¬ , by Kenneth Gergen regards that it is not possible for humans to adequately find a coherent self identity without an aftermath. Gergen states, Ã¢â‚¬Å"to the extent that they do, they many experience severe emotional distressÃ¢â‚¬ when trying to do so (172). He refers to Erik Erickson, a psychologist who speaks about how self-alienation can result due to the pressures of society to individuals with various masksRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1287 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesIt all started with social media, around since the 1960Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s and started to thrive in the late 1990Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s, that humans began to interact through cyberspace and changed human relationships forever. As the Internet grows to be further accessible to a number of households and public areas worldwide, the greater the immensity its aftereffects have on our lives as well. However, the more the Internet becomes habitual for humans, the more people become aware of the profound negative influences that come alongRead MoreCyber Cyberbullying : Confronting Cyber Bullying Essay936 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagestechnology incorporates apparatuses and paraphernalia for instance cellular phones, computers, and tablets in addition to communication instruments which embrace social broadcasting sites, text messages, chat, and websites. Illustrations of cyberbullying include a derogatory text messages or emails, rumors sent through email or posted on social networking sites, and embarrassing pictures, videos, websites, or counterfeit profiles. (StopBullying.gov) The trend may not instantaneously be noticeable to the obviousRead MoreDiscussion of Non-Consented Tracking of Cell Phones and Other Devices1161 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesgathering, and that if they can receive location information they could also gain access to other information on our cellular devices. Not saying that retailers necessarily want our pictures or text messages, but what about our contacts or social networking profiles. If they gain access to this information, it would allow them to do what they like to do, and that is mass advertising. Even if retailers did exactly what they claim to do and only use this information accordingly, there are otherRead MoreSelf Concept And Self Esteem2181 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 9 Pagesbetween the ideal self and the actual experience this is called incongruence (McLeod, 2008). This essay is focused on the self-esteem aspect of self-concept and will explore how culture affects self-esteem through looking at the core concepts and theories of self-est eem, evaluating, describing and summarizing 5 empirical articles and my personal experiences my personal views of and on self-esteem. In this essay culture is defined as a group within society that is characterizes by the language, beliefs

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Lowering The Age Of Drinking Alcoholic And Drug Activities

of financial matters, the denial of drug utilization forces costs on society that far surpass the advantages. Others, for example, the psychoanalyst Thomas Szasz, made the same argument. We didn t take Friedman s recommendation. (Government commissions infrequently do.) I don t review that we even talked about authorizing heroin, however, we did examine (yet did not make a move on) legitimizing a drug, cocaine, that numerous individuals then contended was amiable. Our walking requests were to make sense of how to win the war on heroin, not to keep running up the white banner of surrender. More Discussion on lowering the age of drinking alcoholic and Drug activities: Alcohol misuse is now calculated to cost the NHS Ã‚ £2.7 billion a year, nearly twice the equivalent pattern in 2001. But the price of alcohol to society as a whole is still greater, estimated to stand at Ã‚ £17- 22 billion, and by some estimates is as high as Ã‚ £55 billion. The evidence is clear that spending on alcohol services for all problem drinkers saves money and progress health outcomes. The monetary value of excessive alcohol consumption in the United States hit $223.5 billion in 2006 or roughly $1.90 per drink. Binge drinking is defined as taking in four or more alcoholic drinks per occasion for women or five or more drinks per occasion for human beings, and is the most usual kind of excessive alcohol consumption in the United States. The researchers found that the monetary value of excessive drinking wasShow MoreRelatedThe Legal Drinking Age Of The United States965 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pagesopportunities like adults over the age of twenty-one. However, anyone between the age of eighteen through twenty are not allowed to purchase alcoholic beverages or attend bars because they are considered underage. Anyone between the age of eighteen and twenty should not be denied the right purchase alcoholic beverage. They are mature and well aware of the consequences alcohol leads to. Allowing the legal drinking age to lower to eighteen, it will decrease unsafe drinking activities, decrease misdemeanors,Read MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Not Be Lowered973 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 Pages The Legal Age for Drinking Alcohol Should Not Be Lowered To 18 In the United States. Every state has the right to set its own legal drinking age. However, according to George Will in an article he wrote in the Washington Post about the legal drinking age, Ã¢â‚¬Å"drinking age paradoxÃ¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬Å"lowering the drinking age will cost the state ten percent of its federal highway funds and cause a significant uproar from contractors and construction unions.Ã¢â‚¬ It is therefore in the best interest of every citizenRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act Of 19841219 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 Pagesabused drug. Underage parties involving alcohol are increasing in popularity among high school and college-aged students. The drinking age should be lowered to 18 because adults can legally marry, begin a career and support a family, as well as serve in the military and prison. Along with these and many other reasons, the rebellious nature for wanting to participate in illegal activities is an immense driving force for why teens and young adults drink illegally. Why is the Minimum Legal Drinking AgeRead MoreShould the legal age for the consumption of alcohol be increased to 21?863 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesIncreasing the legal age for the consumption of alcohol to twenty-one is a topic that has recently sparked much debate, with many people endorsing the idea of increasing the age of alcohol consumption. This is because it is thought that implementing such a law may curb youth binge drinking and alcohol related road accidents (Drug Free Australia: 2008). However there are many reasons as to why the legal age for alcohol consumption should not be increased. These include the fact that young people willRead MoreDont lower the drinking Age1229 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 5 PagesDespite the problems that would arise, many people are beginning to feel that the drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. Studies have been made; however, no hard evidence suggesting lowering the minimum drinking age would help have surfaced. Although there are count less studies of how alcohol has many harmful effects on teenagers, there is a great deal of negative criticism about what if the drinking age is lowered. Some would say the morally right decision is to not allow teens theRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age At The United States Of America1698 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pagesthe legal age to drink alcoholic beverages in the United States of America. Some otherwise intelligent people want to lower the legal drinking age to eighteen rather than keep it at twenty-one, the current federally mandated drinking age. In Time Magazine Mary Cary, author of Time to Lower the Drinking Age, puts forth the position that lowering the drinking age would actually be beneficial to society. Though lowering the drinking age to eighteen may lead to solutions to underage drinking, many otherRead MoreLowering The Drinking Age Of The Age981 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 4 PagesHowever, there are those who remain persistent in their requests to drop the drinking age to a slightly lower option. Opposition to the legal drinking age of twenty-one has shown to have some support from mostly younger groups of people, without much validation as to why a lowered drinking age would be beneficial to our country as a whole. Yet, there are still some interesting arguments for those in favor of dropping the age at which it is legal to drink to eighteen. Consider how many young adults chooseRead MoreWhy The Drinking Age During The U.s. Should Be Lowered1300 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 6 PagesInsert name ProfessorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s name Course/class Date Why the drinking age in the U.S. should be lowered to 18 Getting to 18 years of age is an important milestone for a US resident because it is the legal age for independence, allowing the individual to make his or her decisions regarding tobacco smoking, driving and even joining the armed forces while being treated as an adult by the justice system. While this statement is essentially accurate, it is untrue concerning the ability to purchase and drinkRead MoreResearch Paper Drinking Age1565 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 PagesThe legal drinking age refers to the youngest age at which a person is legally allowed to buy and consumes alcoholic beverages. The drinking age varies from country to country. Here in the United States the legal drinking age is twenty-one. There has been much debate on whether the drinking age in the United States should be lowered from twenty-one to eighteen. People in favor of keeping the drinking age at twenty-one believe that there will be less alcohol related injuries and deaths fromRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age On Ame rica s Youth1749 Words Ã‚ |Ã‚ 7 Pages In 1984, the legal drinking age was changed to twenty-one years of age. This change was made after the Prohibition. Studies during this time found that as the minimum legal drink age (MLDA) was lowered, there was an increase in youth traffic accidents. A study done after the legal drinking age was raised to twenty-one showed reduced youth drinking, youth drunk-driving, and accidents related to alcohol. The change of the minimum legal drinking age proved to be beneficial during this time period.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Strategic Management of Coca Cola Ã¢â‚¬ Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Stratgic Management of Coca Cola. Answer: Introduction: It is a well-known fact that Coca Cola Company has emerged to be one of the most recognized organizations in the world. Founded in the year of 1886, the company has witnessed unprecedented success and incredible recognition in the market of non-alcoholic beverages and syrups. The success of the organization in terms of both the stock price as well as profitability in the last few years has helped the company emerge to be one of the most successful companies in the market of beverage products, operating successfully in more than 200 countries (Karnani 2014). Although the organization has been operating its business in the international market with considerable success, it is highly important to analyze the strategic objectives of the company and evaluate the implications of the same. Since the company is encountering cut-throat competition from some of the rival giants of the industry, it is important to analyze and evaluate the strategic objectives of the company. Brief Background of the Company: Coca Cola is a leading company in the soft drink industry that operates its business in more than 200 hundred countries. The strong brand recognition that the organization has accepted all over the world, has largely helped the company gain wider acceptance among the masses. While the organization has focused on creating the vision that intends to spread unalloyed happiness and joys in the life of every person, it keeps on creating a sense of positivity by engaging in a variety of Corporate Social Responsibility Acts. While the mission statement of the organization states that the objective of the company is to achieve huge revenue earning capacities, it also intends to create enduring value for each stakeholder associated with the company. The organization has multiple brands, such as Diet Coke, Fanta, DASANI, Minute Maid and many more (Archer et al. 2013). Although the organization encounters tough competition from some of the rival brands, such as Pepsi Co, Monster Beverage Corp. and Suntory Beverage Food Ltd., the company has been adopting innovative marketing campaigns, interesting CSR activities, effective promotional programs as well as cost controlling strategies that have been helping the organization gain competitive advantage over the rival giants (menon and Yao 2017). Core Business: Just like any other organization, even Coca Cola has a primary area or activity in which it intends to focus its business operations. Coca Cola Company has emerged to be the most successful company operating in the soft drinks industry of the world. The core business of the organization focuses primarily on the sale of beverages that includes protein-packed dairy products, juice products, spirits as well as other forms of soft drinks (Pfitzer et al. 2014). Although the organization has also been operating its business in other business areas, such as production and sale of packaged drinking water, its focus has been on the production of beverage products. The manufacture and sale of business of beverages form the core business of the organization (Muturi 2015). Organizational Structure: The organizational structure of an organization plays an integral role in the success of any company, as it is the structure of the company that determines exactly the process in which the tasks get allocated, or supervised within a company. Since Coca Cola is a multinational company, operating in more than 200 countries, the organizational structure adopted by the company is Separate International Division Structure. It should be noted here that the company has strictly divided its continental operations among five divisions: The Eurasia and Africa Group Europe Group Latin America Group North America Group Pacific Group (Ferie 2014) Now, since it is not possible to supervise and monitor the performance of the business activities across each region of the world, Coca Cola Company hires the staffs for each of the five stated regions, that work in isolation from the head office of the organization. The organizational structure of the company can also be explained with the help of the diagram below: Figure 1: Organizational Structure of Coca Cola Source : (Carvalho 2015) As it can be understood from the above diagram, Coca Cola follows a structural design that is very close ad akin to the functional design of an organization. While the CEO remains at the top of the organization, various subordinates manage the various business activities of the organization, such as finance, marketing or HR activities across different regions of the world. The Coca Cola Company ensures strong authoritative control over the regional managers and working staffs of its each regional branch. The divisional managers of the company are responsible for conducting business in the particular regions of the world. Each of the five different operating groups, mentioned above are again further subdivided into regions, the works of which are assigned to local heads. By allowing local job decisions to be taken by the local heads of the regional branches, the higher management authority of the organization can choose to reflect over and focus attention on long-term planning. Organizational Culture: The organizational culture of a company, that is the set of beliefs and ideologies underlying the business purpose of a company, largely determines the extent to which the stakeholders are motivated to work for the company. The organization embraces a Winning Culture at workplace, whereby the company demonstrates a healthy, employee-friendly workplace culture that encourages moral values such as honesty, integrity and collaboration at workplace. The employee-friendly culture helps in ensuring high quality workforce. The inclusiveness is also an integral aspect of the organizational culture of Coca Cola. The all inclusive culture of the company helps it to hire diverse people, enriched with a variety of talents and ideas. Since Coca Cola operates in a truly global world, it has the ability to encourage diversity at workplace, so as to operate in a fully multicultural nation. Besides, the organizational culture of the company is also considered to be a futuristic one, that exhibits a c lear understanding of the changing society of the present world. The company intends to promote as well as inspire happiness as well as optimism (Muturi 2015). Besides, it is also important to mention here that Coca Cola also follows an employee-friendly culture that helps the employees voice their own opinions and explain their viewpoints, rather than merely working in conformity with what the management authority expects them to do. Seen in this context, the organization enables the employees freely ventilate their ideas, participate in the business-related activities, as well as express their innovative ideas in the business (Rowlinson and Hassard 2015). Leadership Style of the Organization: Strategic thinking is highly important for any organization that intends to sustain itself in future, and there is no denying the fact that strategic thinking is always inextricable related to effective leadership of an organization. As it is a known fact that the vision is futile if an organization does not have effective leaders to execute the same. Considering this, it s important to evaluate the leadership style as followed in Coca Cola. Since positivity, optimism and happiness guide and underline the basic motto and working culture at Coca Cola Company, the company usually follows a laissez faire leadership style in each region of the world. As per the laissez faire style of leadership, the workers in specific regions of the world are being allocated with a set of objectives, that they are expected to accomplish within the given period of time as per the Key Business Indicators Index (Mooji 2013). The managers as well as the directors of the organization prefer to choose a relax ed form of leadership whereby they tend to leave the managerial decisions in the hands of the subordinates as long as they are able to achieve their KPI targets. It is because of the lack of autocratic leadership style, that the employees feel motivated to contribute to the success of the company in their own ways. Strategic Objectives and Challenges: Internal Analysis (Value Chain Analysis): Value chain analysis is useful to separate the business operation into a series of value generating activities by identifying the important activities in which a business engages. Once the factors are evaluated, the same is used by the company as a defensible competitive advantage (Caplan et al. 2016). The steps involved in the production of the cold drink can be stated here: The raw materials are collected and then they are sent for the manufacturing of the cold drink. In this process, the health and the safety of the particular ingredients are checked and processed thoroughly (Ghosh and Shah 2015). The operational and the logistic include the sending of the bottled drink to the particular places from where the drinks can be directly supplied to the consumers (Caplan et al. 2016). Next comes the packaging and the bottling of the product. It is one of the most important part of the complete production process and it includes a safety care that the particular organization does not have to face any kind of issue (Chalikias and Skordoulis 2016). With the detailed analysis, it can be easily said that the Company has been utilizing its prime operational activities well. It is the values of the organization that has lead the organization to reach the position where it is present at the particular time (Parmigiani and Rivera-Santos 2015). VRIO framewok: The internal analysis of the Organization can be made here by the means of VRIO framework. Value: If the distribution channel of the Organization is considered, it can be said that Coca Cola focuses more on the distribution of large markets like restaurants rather than the consumers directly. Thus, it can be said that the retail operation is more important for the organization. It is by the means of the particular distribution method, the company has been able to strengthen its distribution network largely (Rothaermel 2015). Rarity: The market size of Coca Cola is considered as rare because the company operates in a large distribution network. There are number of activities that the organization has to do before the final product is set for distribution. As it has been evident that the Company is only responsible for the manufacturing of the drink and that the bottles are manufactured somewhere else, it becomes important for the Company to build up a good relationship with these manufacturers as well (Meyer and Peng 2016). An efficient distribution channel has only helped the organization to maintain a good relationship in the market of its operation. Imitability: If the product of the Company is considered, there are a number of companies that imitate the products produced by the organization. There are a number of strategies like the push and pull strategies that are imitated by other organizations (Peng 2016). However, the size and the scope of the Company cannot be imitable by other organizations of the same nature. Organization: If the organization is taken into consideration, it has to be said that Coca Cola has been dominated by the market share. Coca Cola has a good market share overall the globe. The Company has been using the raw material available in different parts of the countries where the particular company operates (Meyer and Peng 2016). In fact, it is only by the means of availing the resources at the particular places of operations, the Company has been making profit. With the detailed analysis of the internal environment of the organization, it can be said that Coca Cola utilizes all kinds of facilities available in the market in order to carry out its operational activities. In addition to this, the company has an efficient team of expertise that actually put the organization in the position that it hails today. External Analysis (Porters Five Forces): According to Porters, there are major Five Forces that actually determines the profitability of a company within an industry. As commented by Crane et al. (2014), the weaker is the force, greater the opportunity for the Organization to perform better in the firm. The Five Forces of Porters analysis for Coca-Cola can be done here. Threat of new entrants: It has been found that Coca Cola is at a much higher and stronger position in the soft drink industry. Thus, the threat for capturing the market of the particular industry is low because Coca Cola has domination in the market already (Latif and Parker 2014). However, there still remain certain threats related to the size, price and the brand image distribution of the Company. Threat of Substitution: If the substitution products are considered, bottled water, sports drink and in fact coffee and tea can also be considered as a substitute to Coca Cola. In fact, there has been growth of various types of sports drinks and coffees and tea options that can be consumed by the consumers (Latif and Parker 2014). Threat of Suppliers: Suppliers of Coca Cola include the manufacturers as well as the secondary packaging suppliers. The Company itself is engaged in the manufacturing of the soft drink and not in the manufacture of the bottles (Hassan et al. 2014). This is the reason the Company has a high threat of bargaining power for the suppliers. Bargaining power of buyers: If the large scale buyers are considered, then they are the large scale grocers, restaurants and discount stores as well. The actual process of selling the soft drinks takes place from these grocers (Hassan et al. 2014). The bargaining power of the buyers is high because there are a number of substitutes that the particular drink can easily replace. Competitive rivalry: There are already huge numbers of rivals in the market that include Pepsi Co. and other soft drinks like diet coke and Fanta are the main competitors of the product. Therefore, the Company has great threat in terms of other products in the market (Latif and Parker 2014). Evaluation of the Current Strategic Position: With the detailed analysis that has been gained from the understanding, the SWOT analysis of Coca Cola can be done here. Strengths The strengths of the Company include the valuation of the Company. The value of the Company is as high as 79.2 billion dollars. This value is much higher than the other companies in the market (Masterman 2014). It has a global presence and a big market share. The promotional means undertaken by the Company such as the promotion using celebrities add benefits to the image of the Company. The Company also has a large base of loyal customers that has enhanced the distribution network of the Company (Grant 2016). Weaknesses Presence of some strong competitors like Pepsi acts as great weaknesses for the particular Company. There are no health drinks that the Company manufacturers and thus, there remains the chances that the Company has to deal with a number of issues related to the value of the product (Grant 2016). Opportunities There are a lot of opportunities for the particular business if the Company goes for product diversification. As it has been found, there are opportunities for coming up with a number of health beverages and packaged drinking water as well (Hassan et al. 2014). The Company also need to improve its supply chain management to reach the market more effectively. Threats The threats of the Company include the improper sources of the raw materials that are required for the production of the drink. With the issues like changing temperature and climate, the Organization has been found to face certain threats (Hassan et al. 2014). In addition to this, the competitors in the market also act as the major threats to the business activities of the Company. Table: SWOT analysis of Coca Cola (Source: Created by the Author) As it is evident from the Porters Five Forces Analysis, it is clearly evident that Coca Cola Company has gained sufficient recognition in the global market, and consequently the organization is not likely to encounter strong competition from the new entrants of the market. The kind of brand recognition that the company enjoys is incomparable and cannot be outrivaled by an emerging organization, given the fact that Coca Cola is an old, and a well-established organization. It is worthwhile to mention here that the organization has taken several steps to ensure that the company is able to maintain its global brand recognition. In order to distinguish itself from the competitors, such as PepsiCo and others, Coca Cola Company has been spending a lump sum amount of more than $250 million for the purpose of promoting the brand of the company (Wang 2015). As far as the competitive forces are concerned, it is clear that the organization does encounter cut-throat competition from some of the greatest rival giants of the industry. First of all, ever since the 19th century, Coca Cola and Pepsi Co have been battling in the global market, since the product offering of both the organizations is quite similar, such as orange juice as well as bottled water (Powell and Gard 2015). Besides, the very famous Dr. Pepper Snapple Group is also a major competitor of the organization that has also established much recognition in the realm of soft drinks and juice market. Keeping into consideration, the competition the organization encounters from these companies, it does require to adopt the objective of sustained competitive advantage. Keeping into consideration, the fierce competition in the market, Coca Cola keeps on adopting innovation in its products as well as strategies. The organization for example has adopted the product diversification policy whereby, unlike any of its competitors, the company has been able to offer a wide variety of 400 brands in more than 200 countries across the globe (Wilson and Wilson 2017). Besides, Coca Cola has always been well aware of the fact that it does face fierce competition from equally recognized companies, such as PepsiCo, and hence the company intends to employ effective distribution systems that helps it to make it accessible to the distant and remotely connected areas where the competitors products cannot easily reach. For example, the organization delivers its products even to the remotest localities of the African Continent. It is also needless to state that the organization also adopts a very competitive price policy, whereby the products are charged at a very low price. In fact, it is worthwhile to mention here that during the span of 1886 to 1959 a bottle of coke was available at the expense of a mere five cents (Shemwell 2016). Hence, the organization has always been able to g ain consumer loyalty by keeping its price at a minimal level, and it should continue to do the same in future. Besides, the organization has also engaged itself in a variety of CSR activities that helps the organization gain competitive edge over the other companies. As far as the VRIO framework is concerned, it has been observed that product differentiation is an important resource possessed by Coca Cola. As it is self-evident from the above discussion that the brand differentiation is a rare resource possessed by Coca Cola, and as and when a consumer thinks of buying a cola, the very first name that usually strikes his mind is that of Coca Cola. However, yet the organization may not be able to enjoy competitive advantage considering the fact that the product is equally imitable. In fact there are at least hundreds of generic colas available in the market that can imitate the taste of the beverages. However, the organizational brand image cannot be stolen, as Coca Cola keeps on reminding people how a Cola drink can open a bottle of happiness for them. Consequently, the company enjoys much greater brand recognition, which is not imitable, and hence it should further strengthen the marketing strategy. As far as Coca Cola is concerned, it becomes c learly evident that brand differentiation acts as the most effective resource for Coca Cola that should be exploited to the fullest by the organization. Besides, the distribution network of Coca Cola is also very huge, and consequently it is rare as well as less imitable (Ireland and Ashton 2017). The management authority of the organization has been well-aware of the fact that the push and pull distribution strategy adopted by the company can be easily imitated by some of its competitors as well, and this is the reason why the company has ensured that the size of the distribution channel is too huge to be imitated. Besides, in order to get best advantage of the available distribution network, the Coca Cola Company has also started entering foreign markets, that have not been explored so far by the rival brands, such as the market of Mexico and the African Continent. The vast global presence, huge market share as well as the brand equity of the comapy is huge sources of strength of the organization. The huge market area of business operation has helped the company gain its mammoth brand name. Besides, the celebrity marketing of the organization as well as a broader target market segment of the organization has largely facilitated the growth of the company. While the competitors of Coca Cola such as PepsiCo usually focuses on the youth population, while promoting its products Coca Cola keeps into consideration the older as well as younger group of people. However, the organization has been encountering a fall in sales owing to the production of the carbonated beverages that in turn causes obesity. Since the organization was losing out to the market share owing to the lack of health beverages, the company introduced the fruit juice brand named Minute Maid as well. Besides, the organization despite being a global brand, has faced accusations and law suits for the inefficient supply of water, and the company immediately adopted CSR activities in the specific regions, so that its organizational reputation does not get maligned (Kamani 2014). Recommendations for Future Growth Strategy: A detailed analysis has been conducted on the internal and the external factors that influence the strategic business of the Company. It is on the basis of the analysis, a number of recommendations can be made that would help the Company to improve their business strategies. Strengthening of the execution infrastructure: As it has been evident that Coca Cola operates from different parts of the world and it has different sub-segmentations for its operation. The approach made by the Company resulted in the growth in the core business. However, as a result of this growth, the organization as a whole faced issues in its organizational structure (Wilson and Wilson 2017)In order to overcome this issue, it is expected that the execution of the operation is strengthen by reducing the departmentalization and the managerial and the no managerial roles of the leaders in the organization. Focusing on the core business: As commented by Gomez (2015), that at times it happen that the particular Company loses its focus on the core business because of the presence of a variety of sub products. Similar type of situation is evident in case of the Coca Cola Company. It has been evident that there are a number of products that the company deals with. In case, if any kind of issue occurs for any particular product, the company as a whole focuses on the particular issue (Wilson and Wilson 2017). However, it is recommended that Coca Cola should focus on a particular product, the core product, the soft drink Coca Cola rather than focusing on other products that the Company deals with. Customer focused growth strategy: Another important strategy that can be undertaken by a soft drink company like Coca Cola is by the means of focusing on the need of the consumers of Coca Cola. It is for the same reason, recommended that the Company shall come up with better research and development strategies that shall help the company to understand the actual need of the consumers (Fung 2014). It is only on the basis of the information gained from the research certain product differentiation can be done. This shall help the organization to grow in the market. Improving organizational capabilities: As pointed out by Fung (2014), it is also important to understand the capabilities of an organization as well because the complete organizational growth and strategies actually help in the future growth of the particular organization. As it has been evident from the analysis of the organizational leadership capabilities as well as the organizational structure, it can be said that certain improvements can be made in it. For instance, the structure of the organization can be made horizontal rather than following a particular hierarchical structure in the organization. In addition to this, it is also recommended that at certain instances when it is required, the leadership approach can be changed as well. A transactional approach can be undertaken for improving the organizational activities (Wilson and Wilson 2017). Again, if the organizational culture is also considered, it can be said that a more collective approach can be made towards the organi zational leadership. Other recommendations: Apart from the above made recommendations, a number of other recommendations can be made that shall increase the pace of the growth of the Organization. For example, the Company could come up with better Corporate Social Activities that would improve the image of the Company in the society (Wilson and Wilson 2017). Improved CSR activities will also help in a promotional and advertisement part for the particular organization. Again, another important factor that the organization should undertake is on the performance management. It is an important part for the evaluation of the growth strategy and overall organizational performance. The recommendations made above have addressed all the issues that the Coca Cola has been facing in the recent time. It is expected that these strategies will be effective enough to create a better result in the overall organizational performance and activities. It is expected that if the recommendations are used by the organization than there shall be more prosperity that the Company gains in its business. Conclusion: To conclude, it must be noted that Coca Cola is a reputed multinational company that has achieved enormous amount of brand recognition which in turn has been contributing to the high profitability of the company. However, it is important that the organization primarily focuses on the core business products that is the beverages, instead of relying on product sub-groups as well. Besides, the organization should keep on engaging itself in more innovative marketing campaigns endorsing its products, promoting its brand by CSR activities and pleasing the consumers with a wide variety of innovative products, such as Blue Coke ad Diet Coke. References Archer, E., Hand, G.A. and Blair, S.N., 2013. Validity of US nutritional surveillance: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey caloric energy intake data, 19712010.PloS one,8(10), p.e76632. Caplan, D., Dutta, S.K. and Lawson, R.A., 2016. Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives Across the Value Chain.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(4), pp.57-66. Carvalho, V.A. and Almeida, J.P.A., 2015, September. A semantic foundation for organizational structures: a multi-level approach. InEnterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC), 2015 IEEE 19th International(pp. 50-59). IEEE. Chalikias, M. and Skordoulis, M., 2016. Implementation of FW Lanchesters combat model in a supply chain in duopoly: the case of Coca-Cola and Pepsi in Greece.Operational Research, pp.1-9. Crane, A., Palazzo, G., Spence, L.J. and Matten, D., 2014. Contesting the value of creating shared value.California management review,56(2), pp.130-153. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Fernie, J., 2014. 02 Relationships in the supply chain.Logistics and retail management: Emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain, p.35. Fung, A., 2014. International Business Strategies: A Review and Extension of Theories.Chinese economy,47(5-6), pp.116-130. Ghosh, D. and Shah, J., 2015. Supply chain analysis under green sensitive consumer demand and cost sharing contract.International Journal of Production Economics,164, pp.319-329. Gomez, J.R., 2015. Strategic Alliances: Strategy of the Future.TOURO ACCOUNTING BUSINESS JOURNAL, p.13. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hassan, D.N., Amos, A.A. and Abubakar, O.A., 2014. An evaluation of marketing strategies undertaken by Coca Cola Company as a multinational corporation in Nigeria.Journal of Business and Management,3(2), pp.5-10. Ireland, R. and Ashton, J.R., 2017. Happy corporate holidays from Coca-Cola. Karnani, A., 2014. Corporate social responsibility does not avert the tragedy of the commons. Case study: Coca-Cola India.Economics, Management, and Financial Markets,9(3), pp.11-23. Karnani, A., 2014. Corporate social responsibility does not avert the tragedy of the commons. Case study: Coca-Cola India.Economics, Management, and Financial Markets,9(3), pp.11-23. Masterman, G., 2014.Strategic sports event management. Routledge. Menon, A.R. and Yao, D.A., 2017. Elevating Repositioning Costs: Strategy Dynamics and Competitive Interactions.Strategic Management Journal. Meyer, K. and Peng, M., 2016.International business. Cengage Learning. Muturi, J.K., 2015.Corporate identity strategy and competitive advantage of coca cola company Kenya limited(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Muturi, J.K., 2015.Corporate identity strategy and competitive advantage of coca cola company Kenya limited(Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Parmigiani, A. and Rivera-Santos, M., 2015. Sourcing for the base of the pyramid: Constructing supply chains to address voids in subsistence markets.Journal of Operations Management,33, pp.60-70. Peng, M.W., 2016.Global business. Cengage learning. Pfitzer, M., Bockstette, V. and Stamp, M., 2013. Innovating for shared value.Harvard Business Review,91(9), pp.100-107. Powell, D. and Gard, M., 2015. The governmentality of childhood obesity: Coca-Cola, public health and primary schools.Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education,36(6), pp.854-867. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Rowlinson, M. and Hassard, J., 2014. History and the cultural turn in organization studies.Organizations in time: History, theory, methods,147. Shemwell, D., 2016. False Advertising and Labeling Suits Two Years After the Landmark Supreme Court Decision in Pom Wonderful Versus Coca Cola: Implications for the Marketing Professoriate. Wang, M., 2015. Brief Analysis of Sports Marketing Strategy Adopted by Coca Cola Company.Asian Social Science,11(23), p.22. Wilson, R.E. and Wilson, R.E., 2017. Coca-Cola Amatil: A Bottler Recharging Growth With Energy Drinks.Kellogg School of Management Cases, pp.1-15. Wilson, R.E. and Wilson, R.E., 2017. Coca-Cola Amatil: A Bottler Recharging Growth With Energy Drinks.Kellogg School of Management Cases, pp.1-15.

Sunday, April 5, 2020

11 Pros and Cons of Using Movies in Class

11 Pros and Cons of Using Movies in Class Showing a film in class may engage students, but engagement cannot be the only reason for showing movies in the classroom. Teachers must understand that the planning for viewing a film is what makes it anÃ‚ effective learning experience for any grade level. Before planning, however, a teacher must first review the schools policy on the use of film in class. School Policies There are film ratings that schools may adopt for movies shown in class. Here are a general set of guidelines that could be used: G-rated films: No signed permission form is necessary.PG-rated films: A signed parental permission form is required for students under age 13. At the elementary school level, the principal will ask a committee to review the use of the film prior to granting permission.PG-13-rated films: A signed parental permission form is required for students under age 14. No use of PG-13 films is typically allowed at an elementary school level. In a middle school, the principal will ask a committee to review the use of the film prior to granting permission.Ã‚ R-rated: A signed parental permission form is required for all students. The principal will ask a committee to review the film before granting permission. Film clips are preferred for R-rated films. No use of R-rated films is typically allowed in middle or elementary schools. After checking on the film policy, teachers design the resources for the film to determine how it fits in a unit with other lesson plans. There may be a worksheet to be completed as the movie is being watched that also provides the students with specific information. There may be a plan to stop the film and discuss specific moments. Film as Text The Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts (CCSS) identify aÃ‚ film as a text, and there are standards specific to the use of film in order to compare and contrast texts. For example, one ELA standard for Grade 8 states: Analyze the extent to which a filmed or live production of a story or drama stays faithful to or departs from the text or script, evaluating the choices made by the director or actors.Ã‚ There is a similar ELA standard for grades 11-12 Analyze multiple interpretations of a story, drama, or poem (e.g., recorded or live production of a play or recorded novel or poetry), evaluating how each version interprets the source text. (Include at least one play by Shakespeare and one play by an American dramatist). The CCSS encourage the use of film for higher levels of Blooms Taxonomy including analysis or synthesis. Resources There are websites dedicated to helping teachers create effective lesson plans for use with film. One major consideration is the use of film clips as opposed to an entire film. A well-chosen 10-minute clip from a film should be more than adequate to launch a meaningful discussion. Pros of Using Movies in Class Movies can extend the learning beyond the textbook. Sometimes, a movie can really help students get a feel for an era or an event. For example, if you areÃ‚ a STEM teacher,Ã‚ you might want to show a clip from the movie Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Hidden FiguresÃ‚ thatÃ‚ highlights the contributions of black women to the space program of the 1960s.Movies can be used as a pre-teaching or interest-building exercise. Adding a movie can build interest in a topic that is being learned while providing a small break from normal classroom activities.Movies can be used to address additional learning styles.Ã‚ Presenting information in numerous ways can be the key to helping students understand topics. For example, having students watch the movie Separate But Equal can help them understand the reason behind the court case Brown v. Board of Education beyond what they can read in a textbook or hear in a lecture.Movies can provide teachable moments. Sometimes, a movie can include moments that go beyond what you are teaching in a lesson and allow you to highlight other important topics. For example, the movie Gandhi provides information that can help students to discuss world religions, imperialism, non-violent protest, personal freedoms, rights and responsibilities, gender relations, India as a country, and so much more. Movies can be scheduled on days when students could be unfocused.Ã‚ In day-to-day teaching, there will be days when students will be focused more on their homecoming dance and the big game that night, or on the holiday that starts the next day, rather than on the topic of the day. While there is no excuse to show a non-educational movie, this could be a good time to watch something that complements the topic you are teaching. Cons of Using Movies in the Classroom Ã‚ Movies can sometimes be very long. A showing of a film such asÃ‚ Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Schindlers ListÃ‚ with every 10th grade class (with their parents permission, of course) will take an entire week of classroom time. Even a short movie can take up two to three days of classroom time. Further, it can be difficult if different classes have to start and stop at different points in a movie.The educational part of the film may only be a small portion of the overall movie. There may be only a few parts of the movie that would be appropriate for the classroom setting and truly provide an educational benefit. In these cases, it is best to just show the clips if you feel that they truly add to the lesson you are teaching.The movie may not be completely historically accurate.Ã‚ Movies often play with historical facts to make a better story. Therefore, it is important to point out the historical inaccuracies or students will believe that they are true. If done properly, pointing out the issues with a movie can provide good teachable moments for students. Films do not teach themselves. Showing a movie such as Glory, without putting it in theÃ‚ historical contextÃ‚ of African-Americans and their role in the Civil War or providing feedback throughout the movie is little better than using the television as a babysitter for your children.There is a perception that watching movies is a bad method of teaching. That is why it is key that if movies are part of a curriculum units resources that they are selected purposefully and that there are properly-created lessons that highlight the information the students are learning. You do not want to get a reputation as the teacher who shows full-length movies which serve little to no purpose, other than as a reward within the classroom setting.Parents might object to specific content within a movie. Be upfront and list the films you will show during the school year. If there are any concerns at all about a movie, send home permission slips for students to return. Include the parents to talk about any concerns they might have before the showing. If a student is not allowed to watch the movie, there should be work to complete in the library while you are showing it to the rest of the class. Movies can be an effective tool for teachers to use with students. The key to success is to choose wisely and create lesson plans that are effective in making the film a learning experience.Ã‚ Source English Language Arts Standards Ã‚ » Reading: Literature Ã‚ » Grade 11-12 Ã‚ » 7. Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2019. English Language Arts Standards Ã‚ » Reading: Literature Ã‚ » Grade 8. Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2019. Hidden Figures Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Curriculum Discussion Guides. Journeys in Film, April 10, 2017.

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Use of the Apostrophe in Possessive Constructions

Use of the Apostrophe in Possessive Constructions Use of the Apostrophe in Possessive Constructions Use of the Apostrophe in Possessive Constructions By Mark Nichol This post outlines the prevailing rules and recommendations for employing apostrophes when using the possessive form of a noun and discusses in which cases an s should follow the apostrophe. Apostrophes are used to indicate singular possession, as in Ã¢â‚¬Å"The dogÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s collar is too tight,Ã¢â‚¬ and plural possession, as in Ã¢â‚¬Å"Several of our neighborsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ cars were vandalized.Ã¢â‚¬ When referring to two or more people collectively, use an apostrophe only after the last noun or name: Ã¢â‚¬Å"John and JaneÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s daughter is going off to college.Ã¢â‚¬ When referring to two or more people separately, employ apostrophes for each noun or name: Ã¢â‚¬Å"My doctorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s and dentistÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s names are the same.Ã¢â‚¬ Some style handbooks recommend using only an apostrophe after singular nouns and proper names ending in s, as in Ã¢â‚¬Å"The witnessÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ last statement is puzzlingÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"He is among the most eccentric of DickensÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ characters,Ã¢â‚¬ but this style is prevalent primarily in journalistic writing, and most style guides call for an additional s: Ã¢â‚¬Å"The witnessÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s last statement is puzzlingÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"He is among the most eccentric of DickensÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s characters.Ã¢â‚¬ However, plural possessive forms of surnames should be treated as in Ã¢â‚¬Å"The SmithsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ house is the third one on the right.Ã¢â‚¬ (Plural possessive forms of names ending in s are treated as in Ã¢â‚¬Å"We had dinner at the ThomasesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ house.Ã¢â‚¬ ) An exception used to be made for words and names ending in an unpronounced s as well as biblical or classical names ending in s, but now it is recommended that these be supplied with an additional s; examples include the names in Ã¢â‚¬Å"DescartesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s treatiseÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"JesusÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s followers.Ã¢â‚¬ However, when the singular and plural forms of a noun are the same, omit the final s, as in Ã¢â‚¬Å"The speciesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ distinguishing characteristics are listed below.Ã¢â‚¬ When the name of an entity such as a city ends in s but is singular, likewise, use an apostrophe only: Ã¢â‚¬Å"Construction of El Dorado HillsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ new community center is underway.Ã¢â‚¬ If such conflicting usage seems awkward, avoid the possessive form; instead, write Ã¢â‚¬Å"The distinguishing characteristics of the species are listed belowÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"Construction of the new community center in El Dorado Hills is underway.Ã¢â‚¬ When using an idiom beginning with for and ending in sake, such as Ã¢â‚¬Å"for goodnessÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ sake,Ã¢â‚¬ omit the final s. Apostrophes are also used in the genitive case, in expressions such as Ã¢â‚¬Å"two weeksÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ notice,Ã¢â‚¬ and in possessive forms that resemble the attributive use of a noun (that is, a noun modifying another noun), such as Ã¢â‚¬Å"farmersÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ market,Ã¢â‚¬ meaning Ã¢â‚¬Å"a market belonging to farmers.Ã¢â‚¬ Some people choose to style such phrases attributively (Ã¢â‚¬Å"farmers market,Ã¢â‚¬ meaning Ã¢â‚¬Å"a market of farmersÃ¢â‚¬ ), but such use is best reserved only for proper names (for example, Ã¢â‚¬Å"the Department of Veterans AffairsÃ¢â‚¬ ). When a gerund follows a noun, the noun should be treated possessively, as in Ã¢â‚¬Å"DoctorsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ prescribing such medication is problematic,Ã¢â‚¬ meaning Ã¢â‚¬Å"The habit among doctors of prescribing such medication is problematic,Ã¢â‚¬ but perhaps it is better to simply use the alternative wording. The possessive form of a noun that follows a preposition, however, is optional; one may write either Ã¢â‚¬Å"They knew about their supervisorÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s spying on themÃ¢â‚¬ or Ã¢â‚¬Å"They knew about their supervisor spying on them,Ã¢â‚¬ but this, too, is perhaps better revised to Ã¢â‚¬Å"They knew that their supervisor was spying on them.Ã¢â‚¬ Italicized publication and book titles should be followed by an nonitalicized apostrophe and s, as in Ã¢â‚¬Å"PeopleÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s cover storyÃ¢â‚¬ and Ã¢â‚¬Å"War and PeaceÃ¢â‚¬â„¢s formidable length,Ã¢â‚¬ though periodical titles ending in s should be followed by an apostrophe only, as in Ã¢â‚¬Å"the Los Angeles TimesÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ subscription data.Ã¢â‚¬ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightAwoken or Awakened?Narrative, Plot, and Story

Friday, February 21, 2020

Why Were Gangster Films So Popular in the 1930s Essay

Why Were Gangster Films So Popular in the 1930s - Essay Example In this regard, people look for ways to spend their time productively and at times, spend time in a leisurely fashion. This latter proclivity is to have some form of entertainment to while away the hours and pass the time so as not to get bored. There are a myriad ways to get entertained such as the travelling shows, circuses and clowns of olden times to the modern video films. A good part of modern entertainment was the rise of Hollywood which cranked out a fair good number of films each year and distributed worldwide for a global audience. There are quite a number of regional film centres as well, such as the copycats of Bollywood, Arabic films of the Middle East, Asian films (Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Thai, etc.) and European films too. These films tackle a wide variety of subjects and topics, almost anything under the sun, only subject to some restraints concerning what is decent and of good morals. Pornography was in the early years of the film industry not that prevalent yet, due to the social mores back then. It is quite different today, where various media are freely accessible, such as Internet and DVD. What is decent and acceptable in films can vary within societies over time as values changed. This is why the popularity of certain film genres wax and wane over time, too. Some of the more popular film genres are action, drama, comedy, horror, adventure, epic and others like musicals, science fiction, war, Westerns, and crime and gangster. This last genre is sometimes of particular interest to movie goers and censors alike because they can portray the real-life stories of criminals and gangsters. This particular genre can be realistic enough when trying to show how criminals lived, do their trade and what they do with their loot. Portrayals can be too realistic for comfort when violence is shown on screen. Gangster films enjoyed its own period of popularity like other film trends in which audiences express their preferences. This paper examines why ga ngster films became so popular and the backlash that resulted in which the film industry adopted guidelines for film makers to abide by, its own code. Discussion The film industry was born when photography was invented and the film makers were able to project their pictures on the wide screen. The earlier films were silent films as it did not have any sound in them. The sound came later on when the phonograph was invented; prior to that, the dialogue was shown on the bottom portion of the film clips as text in which the film goers read what was written in order to make sense of the film's story. The film industry provided a welcome respite from the drabness of ordinary lives of ordinary people. It provided a cheap form of entertainment by which the audience can re-live their fantasies. The early films that were made were not overly realistic in their portrayals of life. Rather, the new film industry enticed audiences by glorying certain aspects and magnifying their expectations. Fil ms were the new forms of escapism and quite cheap to view them, often with proven story lines that were hackneyed and repeated several times over but people welcomed this new medium. But later on, major studios had to contend with the rise of independents (Nowell, 2011:30). Film genres can evolve into several sub-genres as the film industry developed in response to audience preferences. Horror films, for example, have the sub-genres of serial killers, slasher films, teen terror, satanic, science-related like Frankenstein or Dracula, torture and sadism. Its main appeal was to frighten an audience by preying on a person's worst hidden fears. It is the same with crime and gangster films in which the storyline revolves

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Commons-Based Peer Production and Virtue Research Paper

Commons-Based Peer Production and Virtue - Research Paper Example The first virtue discussed by the writers is put under cluster I which is named autonomy, independence, and liberation. In the view of Nissenbaum and Benkler (2006), though commons-based peer production give users the freedom to contribute freely from the privacy of their homes, it is extremely necessary that such independence, liberation, and autonomy are respected in Ã¢â‚¬Å"our actions and choices as well as from the typical array of institutional entities, whether employers, banks, agents of government, or whoever.Ã¢â‚¬ The writers also touch on creativity, productivity, and industry. There is no denying fact this is an area in commons-based peer production that so much is needed from the contributor to show virtue and ethics. This assertion is judged from the fact that contributors are hardly coached or monitored. Ã¢â‚¬Å"Peer production offers a medium for contributing our thoughts, our knowledge, our know-how, or merely the spare cycles of our PCs toward a meaningful productÃ¢ â‚¬ (Nissenbaum and Benkler, 2006).Such freedom to be personal puts a lot of challenge on contributors to stand out tall with their level of creativity and productivity to ensure that standard is maintained in the industry. There are then the virtues of benevolence, charity, generosity, altruism. There are then the virtues of benevolence, charity, generosity, altruism,Ã‚ writers believe that contributors should have an inner-judging ethics that should tell them that their effort and production are being undertaken as a form of social benevolence. For this reason, it is important to attach to it all needed commitment and dedication.

Tuesday, January 28, 2020

Managing Change in the Workplace

Managing Change in the Workplace Managing Change in the Workplace Ã¢â‚¬Å"Managing and changing organisations appears to be getting more rather than less difficult and more rather than less importantÃ¢â‚¬ Burnes [1996] Critically evaluate and debate this statement, highlighting the potential challenges organisations face in managing change effectively Over the last 20 years new products, processes and services have appeared at an increasing rate. Local markets have become global markets due to the advance of technology (the internet) and protected or semi- protected markets have been opened to competition. Monopolies have been transferred to the private sector (e.g. British rail, BT, utility companies) or they have adopted more market-orientated practices. To keep abreast of competition organisations are restructuring, introducing new products and services, changing information systems and introducing new work practices. Organisations that fail to change cannot survive in the competition and will fail to make a profit. (Burnes, 2004) The aim of managing change in organisations is to guide the people in the change process so they can adapt, change behaviour and cope with the new change that is happening in the organisation. Sometimes people in the organisation find it difficult to cope with change as the old responsibilities, roles and behaviour and attitudes are not easily forgotten. In organisations people are the most important asset in the business if people cannot change, processes and systems cannot change. Careful strategic planning must take place involving the people so they can understand what is needed to change as the behaviours, personality, values and all work for and against organisational change (Blake Bush, 2009) According to (Blake Bush, 2009 p3) Ã¢â‚¬Å"Change management is the process, tools and techniques to manage the people side of business change to achieve the most successful business outcomeÃ¢â‚¬ Organisations are constantly assessing their efficiency and performance therefore managing change is important. Persuading stakeholders to change can be difficult yet if it is successful organisations can survive and thrive to gain a competitive advantage. According to (Blake and Bush, 2009) organisations have to meet four conditions to convince their employees, these are:- 1. Give an insight to why their organisation wants to change and how it will benefit them and make then agree 2. Make sure structure, processes and reward systems must be put in place to support change 3. Employees obtain the right skills for the new change 4. Ensure employees update their roles and responsibility and model them to the new change. The need for change can be difficult, costly and sometimes disappointing. Expensive new information systems, policies and organisational structure attract most attention but organisations forget their talent workforce and how they are affected by change. Sometimes it is a difficult process depending on how old or new, large or small the organisation is. (Buchanan Huczynski, 2004) The need for change is initiated by two categories, internal factors and external factors within the macro and micro environment. External triggers for change can include: * Economic fluctuations This may develop or hinder the development of new products or processes. For example, in times of recession customers may not have money to spend on Ã¢â‚¬Ëœluxury items and will concentrate on basic everyday essential items. New products will not come into the market due to lack of funds. * Social For example, the size, age and sex distribution of the population can affect the demand for a product. An ageing population will make organisations target products / services to suit them to increase sales and market share. * The development of new technology has made it possible to develop a whole range of new products. * Changes in customer requirements and tastes require organisations to cater for their needs. * Competitors are continually developing new products * The EU has opened new markets in new countries * Global trading via the internet increases pressure for organisations to change its design and become globalised but in order for the organisation to do so it must transform their processes, systems and cultures to become internationally known. * Changes in social and cultural values Internal triggers for change can include: * High absenteeism and staff turnover * Inadequate skill or training * New design of product /service (Buchanan Huczynski, 2004) Generally, a high proportion of change efforts end in failure (Beer and Nohria,2000; Burnes, 2003; Huczynski and Buchanan, 2001). Change projects fail because not enough planning or thought has taken place to achieve the desired objectives. Sometimes change takes place not for the interest of the organisation but for personal or sectional interests. (Burnes, 2004) The value of the HR function is very important when an organisation is going through the process of change. A lot of companies are giving more responsibility to senior and line managers. Senior managers and the HR function can work together to ensure that the business can change to meet the needs of customers, build good relationships with its stakeholders and ensure employee talent is retained and developed in changing situations. (Hennessy McCartney, 2008) HR can also help ensure that organisational culture is open to change by ensuring change agents handle sensitive emotions and the correct management policies are in place. For example the right people are recruited, trained or developed and the appropriate pay and reward policies are in place to keep staff motivated. HR also ensures that change is gradual across the whole of the organisation. HR change agents should find out whether part of the change is supported or resisted. It also gives people a chance to discuss and sort out their concerns with the Ã¢â‚¬Å"change agentsÃ¢â‚¬ and to feel satisfied with the change. Communication is important such as face to face and team briefings are beneficial in the change process (Armstrong, 2006) However, there will always be some resistance to change. Ã¢â‚¬Å"People resist change because it is seen as a threat to familiar patterns of behaviour as well as to status and financial rewards.Ã¢â‚¬ (Armstrong. 2006, p345). The main reasons of resisting change are as follows: * Change to established routines, methods of working or conditions of employment will be seen as a threat to job security and loss of potential earnings such as overtime etc. * The workforce may view management as having ulterior motives to introduce change making the organisation ready for merger or takeover. * Change can be worrying for the workforce as there is a lot of uncertainty about the impact of the change. * In some organisations change can cause inconvenience to the workforce. For example any changes in starting and finishing work shifts may require new arrangements for child minding etc. * Loss of a parking space or office may be viewed as a loss of status or importance in the organisation and therefore cause resistance to change * Disruption to customary social relationships and standards of the group will be resisted as this will be seen as a threat to interpersonal relationships. * Learning new skills and coping with new demands may raise concern for some of the workforce as they will not be certain if they can cope with the new change. (Armstrong, 2006) Process of change According to Jain, 2005 the following steps are considered in the change process and these are: * Develop new goals or objectives to replace goals or objectives having a negative impact. * A manager must be appointed to overlook the change and control the resistance * Diagnose the problem gather issues surrounding the problem where the change is needed. * Methodology Use a methodology for change so that everyone can agree too and to try and avoid any resistance. All members emotions should be considered when drawing up the methodology * Develop plan/strategies on what changes need to be done * Strategy for implementing the plan correct timing and communication channels need to be done. Members should be briefed up on the changes using one to one meetings as often as possible. * Allow for natural resistance problems to be sorted during the change process. (Jain, 2005) For change to take place successfully the main objective is to change peoples behaviour and attitudes and improve the ability for the organisation to cope with changes to the environment. Nadler and Tushman (1980) cited in (Armstrong, 2006) suggested some guidelines on how change should be implemented. Motivate individuals to achieve change by: * Communicating a clear image of the future * All concerned to support the change rather than block it * Stable structures and processes will help change and reduce uncertainty and instability. Another model of change was invented by Kurt Lewin which was an effective process for achieving behavioural changes in groups. Lewins model involves a three stage process:- 1. Unfreezing the status quo -looking at old processes and what change needs to be done 2. Changing- Bring about the change by reorganising the resources 3. Refreezing Embedding the new changes of working (Mullins, 2002) According to Burnes, 1996 cited in the (Langer, J et al, 2005) claims that the problem with Lewins assumption is that the stability of the external environment is always changing therefore the three stage changing process is not quite straightforward and is only gradual and continuous not revolutionary. (Langer, J et al, 2005) Beers Ã¢â‚¬Å"6 steps modelÃ¢â‚¬ looks at the complexity of change and how an organisation deals with responses to the effectiveness of change. Beers model concentrates on Ã¢â‚¬Å"task alignmentÃ¢â‚¬ (employees roles, responsibility and relationships) as the key to alter new ways of thinking, attitudes and behaviour. Beers uses this model as a way of changing peoples behaviour and attitudes with their roles and responsibility in order to adapt to change. The 6 steps are:- Stage 1- Act and commit to change through diagnoses Stage 2- Develop the organisations shared vision Stage 3- learn the roles and responsibilities to the shared vision Stage 4- Spread the word about change Stage 5- Make the change institutionalised through policies. Stage 6 Monitor and adjust as needed (Blake Bush, 2009) There are many models of change but different organisations will need to choose a model that best suits their culture and values. A simple model would be to investigate changes that are needed and look at individual responses to change. * Plan the change * Implement the change * Manage the people side of change * Manage the organisational side of change The world is changing rapidly to keep up with global competition, technological innovation; de- regulation, privatisation of public sector organisations and much more managers face complex and challenging pressures and opportunities. Changing organisations is a complex process with more opportunity for failure than success. Good managers and leaders are important to an organisation as they can create the conditions for growth and prosperity. Managers should gather and be more open to a wide variety of information. Any decision to implement change should be to the benefit for all concerned and not just for themselves. Organisations must ensure the efficient use of resources and offer the right products and services, to use the appropriate technologies as well as recruit and retain people with the best skills. (Carnal, 2009) The organisation also needs to have strategies, accountabilities, information systems and resources to improve or sustain performance against the organisations objectives. The efficient organisation focuses on internal efficiency and control. Maintaining internal systems includes activities such as performance appraisal, training, development and reward system. The ability to attract and retain high quality staff at all level is a useful indicator of effectiveness. The effective organisation adapts to the external environment and includes marketing, public and community relations. For change to be successful an organisation need to be customer focused. More interfacing skills, negotiation skill and networking skills will also be needed when a change is needed (Carnal, 2009) References Armstrong M., (2006) A handbook of Human Resource Management practice. 10th ed., Kogen Page: Philadelpia. Blake, I Bush, C (2009). Project Managing Change: Practical Tools and Techniques to Make Change Happen. Harlow: Prentice Hall. Buchanan, D. Huczynski, A. (2004) Organisational Behaviour: An introductory text, 5th ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall Financial Times. Carnal, C (2007) Managing change in Organizations. 5th ed., Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall Hennessy, J., McCartney, C. (2008). The value of HR in times of change. Strategic HR Review. 7 (6), 16-22. Langer, J., Alfirevic, N., Pavicic, J. (2005). Organizational change in transition societies. Hampshire: Ashgate publishing limited. N.K Jain (2005). Organisational Behaviour. Dehli: Atlantic. Mullins, L.J. (2002) Management and organisational behaviour. 6th ed., Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Bibliography Ashton, C., Morton, L. (2005). Managing talent for a competitive advantage. Strategic HR Review. 4 (5), 28-31. Burnes, B., Coram, R. (2001). Managing organisational change in the public sector.. The International Journal of Public Sector Management . 14 (2), 94-110. Butel, L., Curtis, T., Mclntyre, J., Pearce, J., Rainbow, S., Smith, D., Swales, C,. (1998) Business Functions An Active Learning Approach. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Gill, A. (2009). Employee engagement in a change environment. Strategic HR Review. 8 (2), 19-24. Hall, D., Jones, R. Raffo, C. (1995) Business Studies. Lancashire: Causeway Press ltd. Johnson, G., Scholes, K. Whittington, R. (2005) Exploring corporate strategy. 7th ed., Harlow: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Leahy, L., Chamberlain, N. (2008). Surviving change. Strategic HR Review. 7 (6), 23-29. Lynch, R. (2000) Corporate strategy. 2nd ed., Harlow: Financial Times/Prentice Hall pp452 Tansley, C., Turner, P., Foster, C., Harris, L., Sempik, A., Stewart, J., Williams, H (2007). Talent: Strategy, Management, Measurement Research into practice. London: Charted Institute of Personnel and Development . Trompenaars, F., Woolliams, P. (2003). A new framework for managing change across cultures. Journal of Change Management . 3 (4), 361-375.